Resources: Articles
* Entries with annotations or links may be expanded by clicking on the citation.
Andreas, Chris. "The Spread and Impact of the Lungsickness Epizootic of 1853-57 in the Cape Colony and the Xhosa Chiefdoms." South African Historical Journal 53 (2005): 50-72. Andreas, Chris, Sheila Boniface Davies, and Andrew Offenburger. "Introduction to the Special Issue on the Xhosa Cattle-Killing." African Studies 67, no. 2 (2008). Ashforth, Adam. "The Xhosa Cattle Killing and the Politics of Memory." Sociological Forum 6, no. 3 (1991): 581-592. Attwell, David, Barbara Harlow, and Joan Attwell. "Interview with Sindiwe Magona." Modern Fiction Studies 46, no. 1 (Spring 2000): 282-295. Beinart, William. "Political and Collective Violence in Southern African Historiography." Journal of Southern African Studies 18, no. 3 (September 1992): 455-486. Beyers, Hannes. "Chiliastiese verset: 'n histories sosiaalwetenskaplike studie." Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe 34, no. 3 (September 1994): 164-176. Boniface Davies, Sheila. "Raising the Dead: The Xhosa Cattle-Killing and the Mhlakaza-Goliat Delusion." Journal of Southern African Studies 33, no. 1 (March 2007): 19-41. Boniface Davies reveals new archival evidence that contradicts Peires's assertion in The Dead Will Arise that Mhlakaza and Wilhelm Goliat were the same person. See also Peires's article, "Cry Havoc! Thoughts on the Deconstruction of Mhlakaza," for his response.
Boniface Davies, Sheila. "The Cattle-Killing as Propaganda: Leon Schauder's Nonquassi (1939)." African Studies 67, no. 2 (2008). Bradford, Helen. "Peasants, Historians, and Gender: A South African Case Study Revisited, 1850-1886." History and Theory 39, no. 4 (December 2000): 86-110. Bradford, Helen. "Make-Overs of Two Women: Illustrated History and Gender Bias." Democracy X: Marking the Present, Re-Presenting the Past (2004). Bradford, Helen. "Women, Gender, and Colonialism: Rethinking the History of the British Cape Colony and Its Frontier Zones, c. 1806-70." Journal of African History 37 (1996): 351-370. Bradford, Helen. "Akukho Ntaka Inokubhabha Ngephiko Elinye (No Bird Can Fly on One Wing): The 'Cattle-Killing Delusion' and Black Intellectuals, c1840-1910." African Studies 67, no. 2 (2008). Breckenridge, Keith. "Power without Knowledge: Three 19th century colonialisms in South Africa." (). Brown, Alastair. "The Cattle-Killing: An Oral History Questionnaire." Fort Hare Papers 8, no. 2 (September 1987): 1-13. Gordon, David. "A Sword of Empire? Medicine and Colonialism in King William's Town, Xhosaland, 1856-1891." African Studies 60, no. 2 (2001): 165-183. Gqoba, W.W. "Isizatu Sokuxelwa Kwe Nkomo Ngo Nongqause, Parts I and II." Isigidimi SamaXosa (March and April 1888). Gqoba, William W. "The Cause of the Cattle-Killing at the Nongqawuse Period." In Towards an African Literature: The Emergence of Literary Form in Xhosa. Edited by A.C. Jordan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973. Gqoba's text on the causes and effects of the Cattle-Killing, originally appearing in Isigidimi SamaXosa and Rubusana's Zemk' iinkomo, were edited, translated, and republished in this book.
Gump, James. "The Imperialism of Cultural Assimilation: Sir George Grey's Encounter with the Maori and the Xhosa, 1845-1868." Journal of World History 9, no. 1 (Spring 1998): 89-106. Hofmeyr, George. "History of Medicine: Grey Hospital, King William's Town." South African Medical Journal 70 (November 8 1986): 615-617. Jacobs, J.U. "Zakes Mda's 'The Heart of Redness': The Novel as Umngqokolo." Kunapipi 24, no. 1-2 (2002): 224-236. Jaffe, Hosea. "Chapter Five: The Killing of the Cattle and of the Communal Mode (1850-1885)." European Colonial Despotism: A History of Oppression and Resistance in South Africa (1994): 83-96. Keller, Bonnie B. "Millenarianism and Resistance: The Xhosa Cattle Killing." Journal of Asia and African Studies 13, no. 1-2 (1978): 95-111. Kirk, Joyce F. "Race, Class, Liberalism, and Segregation: The 1883 Native Strangers' Location Bill in Port Elizabeth, South Africa." The International Journal of African Historical Studies 24, no. 2 (1991): 293-321. Lalu, Premesh. "The Grammar of Domination and the Subjection of Agency: Colonial Texts and Modes of Evidence." History and Theory 39, no. 4 (December 2000): 45-68. Lewis, Jack. "Materialism and Idealism in the Historiography of the Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement 1856-7." South African Historical Journal 25 (1991): 244-268. Lewis offers a materialist critique of Peires's The Dead Will Arise and connects crumbling political structures with the development of the Cattle-Killing.
Lloyd, David. "The Modernization of Redness." Scrutiny2 6, no. 2 (2001): 34-39. Mabin, Alan. "The Rise and Decline of Port Elizabeth, 1850-1900." The International Journal of African Historical Studies 19, no. 2 (1986): 275-303. McArthur, Aaron. "The Colonial Dynamic: The Xhosa Cattle Killing and the American Indian Ghost Dance." Psi Sigma Historical Journal 3 (Summer 2005). http://clubs.unlv.edu/psisigma/Papers/McArthur2005.pdf
Mda, Zakes. "A Response to 'Duplicity and Plagiarism in Zakes Mda's The Heart of Redness' by Andrew Offenburger." Research in African Literatures 39, no. 3 (2008): 200-203. Mostert, Noel. "Chapter 33: 'Oh! The Pity, the Sad Horror of It All'." Frontiers: The Epic of South Africa's Creation and the Tragedy of the Xhosa People (1993): 1206-1242. Mostert, Noel. "Chapter 32: 'Cattle are the Race, They Being Dead the Race Dies'." In Frontiers: The Epic of South Africa's Creation and the Tragedy of the Xhosa People. London: Pimlico, 1993. ISBN 0712655840. Offenburger, Andrew. "Duplicity and Plagiarism in Zakes Mda's The Heart of Redness." Research in African Literatures 39, no. 3 (2008): 164-199. Offenburger, Andrew. "Smallpox and Epidemic Threat in Nineteenth-Century Xhosaland." African Studies 67, no. 2 (2008). Offenburger writes on the influence that smallpox scares had on daily life on the Eastern Cape frontier in the 1850s, and he explores what role this may have played, if any, in the Cattle-Killing. He specifically addresses the work of John Patrick FitzGerald, the first European doctor on the frontier. See also David Gordon's "Sword of Empire?"
>> Special Issue on the Xhosa Cattle-Killing
Offenburger, Andrew. "Telling Stories, Changing History: The Xhosa Cattle-Killing in Post-Apartheid South Africa." Quarterly Bulletin of the National Library of South Africa 61, no. 3 (2007). Opland, Jeff. "Imbongi Nezibongo: The Xhosa Tribal Poet and the Contemporary Poetic Tradition." PMLA 90, no. 2 (March 1975): 185-208. Pakendorf, Gunther. "Looking Back into Olden Times: Hans Grimm, J.B. Peires, and the Fiction of the Great Cattle-Killing." In Mfecane to Boer War: Versions of South African History. Edited by Elmar Lehmann and Erhard Reckwitz. Essen: Verlag Die Blaue Eule, 1990. ISBN 3892064423. Peires, Jeff. "The Xhosa Cattle Killing." Annals of the Grahamstown Historical Society 17 (1987): 33-38. Peires, Jeff. "Nxele, Ntsikana and the Origins of the Xhosa Religious Reaction." Journal of African History 20, no. 1 (1979): 51-61. Peires, Jeff. "Sir George Grey Versus the Kaffir Relief Committee." Journal of Southern African Studies 10, no. 2 (April 1984): 145-169. Peires, Jeff. "The Late Great Plot: The Official Delusion Concerning the Xhosa Cattle Killing, 1856-1857." History in Africa 12 (1985): 253-279. Peires, Jeff. "The Implosion of Transkei and Ciskei." African Affairs 91 (1992): 365-387. Peires, Jeff. "Suicide or Genocide? Xhosa Perceptions of the Nongqawuse Catastrophe." Radical History Review 46, no. 7 (1990): 46-57. Peires discusses the wide variation between written sources on the movement and popular Xhosa perceptions of the Cattle-Killing. He then considers the effectiveness of oral tradition and the historian's role in bringing a "useful past" into debate.
Peires, Jeff. "Cry Havoc! Thoughts on the Deconstruction of Mhlakaza." African Studies 67, no. 2 (2008). Petzold, Jochen. "Children's Literature after Apartheid: Examining 'Hidden Histories' of South Africa's Past." Children's Literature Association Quarterly 30, no. 2 (2005): 140-151. Ralston, Richard D. "Xhosa Cattle Sacrifice, 1856-57: The Messianic Factor in African Resistance." In Profiles of Self-Determination: African Responses to European Colonialism in Southern Africa, 1652-Present. Edited by David Chanaiwa. Northridge: California State University Foundation, 1976. Samuelson, Meg. "Chapter Two: Nongqawuse: National Time and (Female) Authorship." In Remembering the Nation, Dismembering Women: Stories of the South African Transition. Scottsville, South Africa: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2007. Sanneh, Lamin. "Comparative Millennialism in Africa: Continuities and Variations on the Canon." In Imagining the End: Visions of Apocalypse. London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2002. Saunders, Christopher. "'Mnguni' and Three Hundred Years Revisited." Kronos 11 (1986): 74-81. Saunders, Christopher. "The 100 Years War: Some Reflections on African Resistance on the Cape-Xhosa Frontier." In Profiles of Self-Determination: African Responses to European Colonialism in Southern Africa, 1652-Present. Edited by David Chanaiwa. , 1976. Schatteman, Renee. "The Xhosa Cattle-Killing and Post-Apartheid South Africa: Sindiwe Magona's Mother to Mother and Zakes Mda's The Heart of Redness." African Studies 67, no. 2 (2008). Sewlall, Harry. "Deconstructing Empire in Joseph Conrad and Zakes Mda." JLS/TLW 19, no. 3-4 (December 2003): 331-344. Sirayi, G.T. "The African Perspective of the 1856/1857 Cattle-Killing Movement." South African Journal of African Languages 11, no. 1 (1991): 40-45. Stapleton, Timothy J. "They Are Depriving Us of Our Chieftainship: The Decline and Fall of the Traditional Xhosa Aristocracy." Historia 38, no. 2 (November 1993): 86-99. Stapleton, Timothy J. "'They No Longer Care for Their Chiefs': Another Look at the Xhosa Cattle-Killing of 1856-1857." International Journal of African Historical Studies 24, no. 2 (1991): 383-392. Stapleton, Timothy J. "Reluctant Slaughter: Rethinking Maqoma's Role in the Xhosa Cattle-Killing (1853-1857)." International Journal of African Historical Studies 26, no. 2 (1993): 345-369. Stapleton, Timothy J. "The Memory of Maqoma: An Assessment of Jingqi Oral Tradition in Ciskei and Transkei." History in Africa 20 (1993): 321-335. Stapleton, Timothy J. "Chapter Six: Are You a Chief and Led by Black Men? The Xhosa Cattle-Killing (1853-57)." Maqoma: Xhosa Resistance to Colonial Advance 1798-1873 (1994): 168-192. Wenzel, Jennifer. "Voices of Spectral and Textual Ancestors: Reading Tiyo Soga alongside H.I.E. Dhlomo's 'The Girl Who Killed to Save'." Research in African Literatures 36, no. 1 (Spring 2005): 51-73. Wenzel, Jennifer. "The Problem of Metaphor: Tropic Logic in Cattle-Killing Prophecies and their Afterlives." African Studies 67, no. 2 (2008). Williams, Elly. "An Interview with Zakes Mda." The Missouri Review (Fall 2005): 62-79. Wilson, Monica. "Mhlakaza: Prophete d'une Apocalypse en Afrique Australe." In Les Africains. Paris: Editions J.A., 1977. Wright, Laurence. "Archdeacon Merriman, 'Caliban', and the Cattle-Killing of 1856-57." African Studies 67, no. 2 (2008).
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